Bruxism is the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth. It most commonly occurs during sleep, and the person is often unaware of it.
What is Bruxism?
Bruxism is a parafunctional habit caused by uncontrolled contractions of the chewing muscles. It appears in two forms: nocturnal bruxism (during sleep) and awake bruxism (during the day).
Common symptoms:
- Morning jaw and facial muscle pain or tension
- Headaches, particularly at the temples
- Tooth sensitivity
- Tooth wear and flattened surfaces
- Clicking or discomfort in the jaw joint
Clinical Assessment
Bruxism is diagnosed through clinical examination. Wear patterns on tooth surfaces, tenderness of chewing muscles, evaluation of the jaw joint, and occlusal contact points are assessed.
Treatment Options
Occlusal Splint (Night Guard): A transparent appliance custom-made from dental impressions. It prevents tooth-to-tooth contact and limits the contraction of chewing muscles.
Behavioural and Environmental Factors: Identifying triggers is important in awake bruxism. Behavioural awareness alone does not constitute treatment.
Occlusal Adjustment: Bite imbalances may trigger bruxism; selective occlusal adjustments may be considered where indicated.
Advanced Cases: Coordination with prosthodontic treatment or other specialties may be required.