The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the lower jaw to the skull and enables chewing, speaking, and mouth opening and closing. When any component of this system is affected, pain or dysfunction may occur.
What is TMJ Disorder?
TMJ disorder (temporomandibular dysfunction) is characterised by pain, clicking sounds, and limited jaw movement affecting the joint. Contributing factors may include occlusal imbalances, bruxism, trauma, or muscle tension.
Common symptoms:
- Pain or tenderness in the jaw joint area
- Clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth
- Difficulty fully opening the mouth or jaw locking
- Pain while chewing
- Pain in front of the ear, a sensation of ear fullness
- Headaches and neck tension
Clinical Assessment
TMJ evaluation includes palpation of the joint, measurement of mouth opening capacity, muscle sensitivity tests, and imaging where indicated. Occlusal contact patterns are also assessed.
Treatment Options
Occlusal Splint: An appliance designed to reduce load on the jaw joint and relax the muscles. When bruxism coexists, it may serve a dual purpose.
Physiotherapeutic Approaches: Heat application, exercises, and jaw muscle relaxation techniques may be incorporated into the treatment plan, in coordination with a physiotherapist when needed.
Conservative Priority: The least invasive approaches are attempted first in TMJ treatment. Surgical intervention is planned with the relevant specialist only in cases unresponsive to conservative treatment with an appropriate diagnosis.